A person engages in consensual sex, which is legal under Arizona law, as long as what condition is met?

In Arizona, the age of consent for sexual activities is a critical factor in determining the legality of consensual sex. The law stipulates that both parties must be above a specific age, which is 18 years old in Arizona. Engaging in sexual conduct with someone below this age constitutes statutory rape, regardless of whether the act is consensual.

This means that if both individuals are over the age of consent, their consensual activities are legal under state law. The other options do not establish legal conditions under which consensual sex is permissible. For instance, whether it happens in a private location does not impact its legality if the parties involved do not meet the age requirement. Similarly, the notions of mutual understanding and residency in Arizona do not legally govern the actions unless the crucial factor of age is satisfied. Thus, the correct answer focuses on the importance of both parties being over the age of consent to ensure the legality of their consensual relationship.