What are the two types of liens typically recognized in civil law?

The correct choice identifies specific and general liens as the two primary types typically recognized in civil law.

Specific liens are attached to a particular piece of property, such as a mortgage or a mechanic’s lien. This means that the lien gives the creditor a legal claim to that specific property in the event of default. For example, if someone takes out a loan to buy a car, the lender can place a specific lien on that vehicle, allowing them to repossess it if payments are missed.

General liens, on the other hand, apply to all of a debtor's property rather than just a specific item. An example is a federal tax lien, which can encumber all of the debtor's assets until the tax obligation is satisfied. This broad scope allows for the creditor to claim various assets owned by the debtor in order to satisfy the debt.

Other options refer to different types of classifications or aspects of liens, but do not align with the conventional legal definitions in civil law regarding the broad categories of liens. Thus, the distinction between specific and general liens is essential for understanding how they function within the legal system.