What must officers demonstrate to justify a search without a warrant?

To justify a search without a warrant, officers must demonstrate probable cause or exigent circumstances. Probable cause refers to a reasonable belief, based on facts and circumstances, that a crime has been, or will be, committed and that evidence of the crime is likely to be found in the location to be searched. Exigent circumstances exist when there is an immediate need for police action that would justify a search without a warrant, such as the risk of evidence being destroyed or a potential threat to public safety or an individual.

Both of these concepts are rooted in the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, while balancing the need for law enforcement to take swift action in certain situations. This principle is foundational within law enforcement procedures and is critical to ensuring that officers act within the legal framework while maintaining public safety.

The other options, although they may seem relevant, do not meet the legal standard required for a warrantless search. Clear consent from the suspect may enable a search, but it's not the only way to establish justification. Evidence of criminal behavior observed might support probable cause but is not a standalone justification for a search. The presence of bystanders during the crime does not provide legal grounds for conducting a warrantless search either. Thus, probable cause or