What type of crime involves bias against a person's sexual orientation or gender?

The correct answer is tied to the definition of hate crimes, which are perpetrated against individuals based on specific characteristics, including sexual orientation and gender. Hate crimes are distinct from other types of crimes because they are motivated by bias or prejudice towards the victim's identity. This includes actions that are driven by feelings of hatred or intolerance towards that person's sexual orientation or gender identity.

Hate crimes can manifest as physical violence, harassment, vandalism, or other criminal behavior aimed at individuals based on these protected categories. The recognition of such crimes is crucial for law enforcement and community safety, as it emphasizes the need for a response that acknowledges the underlying motivations of bias and discrimination.

In contrast, while gender discrimination may relate to unequal treatment based on gender, it does not encompass the broader category of hate crimes, which specifically addresses motivated biases. Similarly, prejudice crime and ethnic crime may address bias in general or specific to ethnicity, but they do not specifically encompass the range of motivations tied to sexual orientation or gender. Thus, hate crime is the most accurate and precise term that covers bias against individuals based on these characteristics.