What type of witness can testify based on personal knowledge relevant to a case?

The correct answer is the fact witness. A fact witness is someone who provides testimony based on their direct, personal knowledge of the events or facts related to a case. This type of witness does not need specialized training or expertise to testify, as their evidence comes from their own experiences or observations.

In contrast, an expert witness typically holds specialized knowledge, training, or experience that qualifies them to offer opinion-based testimony on complex issues beyond the general knowledge of the average person. A character witness speaks to the character or reputation of a party involved in the case, rather than directly addressing the facts or events. Some of the terminology may differ, but "ley witness" does not appropriately fit within commonly accepted legal terminology for types of witnesses.

Thus, the fact witness is integral to legal proceedings because they can provide firsthand insights based on what they have seen or experienced, making their testimony relevant and pivotal to establishing the factual basis of the case.